Fall in zone 9bPhoto: George Chernilevsky, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Frost dates for ZIP 94591 (Vallejo, CA)
Average last spring and first fall frost dates with 10%, 50% and 90% odds, from NOAA's 1991–2020 climate normals for the nearest weather station, Vallejo, CA (2 miles away).
Freezes are uncommon here
NOAA's normals for this station show a 32°F night in about 75% of years (about 4 freezing night(s) a year on average). The dates below describe freeze timing for the station's record; in many years there may be no 32°F freeze at all.
- Average last spring frostJan 1750% chance of a 32°F freeze after this date
- Average first fall frostDec 2750% chance of a 32°F freeze by this date
- Growing season (frost-free)346 daysmedian, 32°F threshold
- USDA hardiness zone9b25 to 30°F avg. coldest night
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This week in your yard
As of Oct 18, 2026, from your frost dates, zone and soil temperature. Lawn timing · Vegetables · Pruning · Plants
Freezes are uncommon here, so frost-based timing is rough. Local extension calendars for frost-free areas use months.
Soil temperature now
2-inch depth
No soil station with a fresh reading within 62 miles.
4-inch depth
No soil station with a fresh reading within 62 miles.
Fall: Texas A&M AgriLife times fall pre-emergent (for winter weeds such as annual bluegrass) to soil cooling to about 70°F for several days. The 50–55°F band is the spring trigger. Always read and follow the product label.
7-day forecast and frost risk
The latest National Weather Service 7-day forecast and any Frost Advisory or Freeze Warning for 94591 load here. You can also open the NWS forecast for this ZIP.
Pre-emergent
No soil reading near this ZIP. Typical extension timing for your region: spring February to March; fall September to October.
Fertilizer window
Lawn region: California coastal and valleys. Timing only; always follow the product label.
- Bermudagrass (warm-season): Spring: Several weeks after the lawn is fully green (April–May) (about Mar 4 here, using green-up about 3–4 weeks after your average last frost); Summer: Every 4–6 weeks through mid-August (heaviest feeder of the group); Late: Light, low-nitrogen/high-potassium feeding about 4 weeks before first frost, or skip. Avoid: Heavy late-fall nitrogen (linked to spring dead spot).
- Tall fescue (cool-season): Early fall: September (main feeding); Late fall: November, while still green; Late winter: Optional light feeding February–March. Avoid: Feeding after mid-spring and through summer in the transition zone (stress and brown patch).
Plant now
- Lettuce: fall sowing Oct 18–Nov 15
- Kale: fall sowing Sep 20–Oct 18
- Kale: fall transplant Oct 4–Nov 1
- Collards: fall sowing Sep 20–Oct 18
- Collards: fall transplant Oct 4–Nov 1
- Broccoli: fall transplant Sep 20–Oct 18
- Cabbage: fall transplant Sep 20–Oct 18
- Cauliflower: fall transplant Sep 20–Oct 18
- Kohlrabi: fall sowing Oct 18–Nov 1
- Swiss chard: fall sowing Oct 18–Nov 1
- Beet: fall sowing Oct 18–Nov 1
- Carrot: fall sowing Oct 4–18
- Turnip: fall sowing Oct 18–Nov 1
- Pea (garden, snap, snow): fall sowing Oct 4–18
- Green onion / scallion: fall sowing Oct 18–Nov 1
- Bean, bush (snap): fall sowing Oct 4–18
- Cucumber: fall sowing Oct 4–18
- Summer squash / zucchini: fall sowing Oct 4–18
- Strawberry (plants): fall transplant Oct 18–Nov 15
Coming up in the next 3 weeks
- Pepper (sweet and hot): start seeds indoors Nov 8–22
- Eggplant: start seeds indoors Nov 8–22
- Lettuce: fall transplant Nov 1–22
- Spinach: fall sowing Nov 1–22
- Broccoli: start seeds indoors Nov 8–22
- Cabbage: start seeds indoors Nov 8–22
- Cauliflower: start seeds indoors Nov 8–22
- Brussels sprouts: start seeds indoors Oct 25–Nov 8
- Bok choy / Asian greens: fall sowing Nov 1–15
- Arugula: fall sowing Nov 1–29
- Mustard greens: fall sowing Nov 1–15
- Onion (bulbing): start seeds indoors Oct 25–Nov 8
Prune now
No frost-timed pruning windows are open this week.
Spring-flowering shrubs are pruned right after their flowers fade, not by date. See the pruning guide.
Last spring frost odds
| Chance of a 32°F freeze after this date | Date |
|---|---|
| 90% (early: most years still freeze after this) | Dec 23 (prior Dec) |
| 50% (the "average" last frost) | Jan 17 |
| 10% (cautious: only 1 year in 10 freezes later) | Mar 4 |
Most gardeners plant frost-tender crops (tomatoes, peppers, basil) after the 50% date, and closer to the 10% date for less risk.
First fall frost odds
| Chance the first 32°F freeze has happened by this date | Date |
|---|---|
| 10% (early: 1 year in 10 freezes this soon) | Dec 4 |
| 50% (the "average" first frost) | Dec 27 |
| 90% (late: most years have frozen by now) | Feb 4 (next year) |
Light frost, freeze and hard freeze
| Threshold | Last spring (50%) | First fall (50%) |
|---|---|---|
| 36°F (light frost possible on clear, calm nights) | Mar 4 | Dec 7 |
| 32°F (freeze) | Jan 17 | Dec 27 |
| 28°F (hard freeze) | Jan 5 | Jan 2 (next year) |
n/a means NOAA did not publish a date at that threshold for this station (usually because it rarely gets that cold).
Vegetable planting calendar for 94591
Dates count from your average last spring frost (Jan 17) and first fall frost (Dec 27). Half of years have a frost after the spring date, so give tender crops (tomatoes, peppers, squash) some slack.
| Crop | Start indoors | Spring planting | Fall planting |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tomato | Nov 22–Dec 6 | Jan 24–Feb 7 (transplant) | Aug 30–Sep 27 (transplant) |
| Pepper (sweet and hot) | Nov 8–22 | Jan 31–Feb 14 (transplant) | Sep 6–27 (transplant) |
| Eggplant | Nov 8–22 | Jan 31–Feb 14 (transplant) | Sep 6–27 (transplant) |
| Tomatillo | Nov 22–Dec 6 | Jan 24–Feb 7 (transplant) | – |
| Lettuce | Nov 22–Dec 6 | Dec 27–Jan 17 (transplant) Dec 20–Jan 31 (sow outdoors) | Nov 1–22 (transplant) Oct 18–Nov 15 (sowing) |
| Spinach | – | Dec 6–27 (sow outdoors) | Nov 1–22 (sowing) |
| Kale | Nov 22–Dec 6 | Dec 20–Jan 3 (transplant) Dec 20–Jan 3 (sow outdoors) | Oct 4–Nov 1 (transplant) Sep 20–Oct 18 (sowing) |
| Collards | Nov 22–Dec 6 | Dec 20–Jan 17 (transplant) Dec 20–Jan 17 (sow outdoors) | Oct 4–Nov 1 (transplant) Sep 20–Oct 18 (sowing) |
| Broccoli | Nov 8–22 | Dec 20–Jan 3 (transplant) | Sep 20–Oct 18 (transplant) |
| Cabbage | Nov 8–22 | Dec 20–Jan 3 (transplant) | Sep 20–Oct 18 (transplant) |
| Cauliflower | Nov 8–22 | Jan 3–17 (transplant) | Sep 20–Oct 18 (transplant) |
| Brussels sprouts | Oct 25–Nov 8 | Dec 20–Jan 3 (transplant) | Sep 6–27 (transplant) |
| Kohlrabi | Nov 22–Dec 6 | Dec 20–Jan 3 (transplant) Dec 20–Jan 3 (sow outdoors) | Oct 18–Nov 1 (sowing) |
| Bok choy / Asian greens | – | Dec 20–Jan 3 (sow outdoors) | Nov 1–15 (sowing) |
| Arugula | – | Dec 20–Jan 17 (sow outdoors) | Nov 1–29 (sowing) |
| Mustard greens | – | Dec 20–Jan 10 (sow outdoors) | Nov 1–15 (sowing) |
| Swiss chard | Dec 6–20 | Jan 3–24 (transplant) Jan 3–31 (sow outdoors) | Oct 18–Nov 1 (sowing) |
| Beet | – | Dec 20–Jan 17 (sow outdoors) | Oct 18–Nov 1 (sowing) |
| Carrot | – | Dec 27–Jan 24 (sow outdoors) | Oct 4–18 (sowing) |
| Radish | – | Dec 13–Jan 24 (sow outdoors) | Nov 15–29 (sowing) |
| Turnip | – | Dec 20–Jan 10 (sow outdoors) | Oct 18–Nov 1 (sowing) |
| Parsnip | – | Dec 27–Jan 17 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Pea (garden, snap, snow) | – | Nov 22–Dec 20 (sow outdoors) | Oct 4–18 (sowing) |
| Onion (bulbing) | Oct 25–Nov 8 | Dec 6–20 (transplant) | – |
| Green onion / scallion | – | Dec 6–Jan 3 (sow outdoors) | Oct 18–Nov 1 (sowing) |
| Leek | Oct 25–Nov 8 | Dec 20–Jan 3 (transplant) | – |
| Garlic | – | – | Nov 15–Dec 13 (sowing) |
| Shallot | – | Dec 6–20 (transplant) | Nov 15–Dec 13 (sowing) |
| Potato | – | Dec 20–Jan 3 (transplant) | Sep 6–20 (transplant) |
| Sweet potato | – | Feb 7–21 (transplant) | – |
| Sweet corn | – | Jan 24–Feb 7 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Bean, bush (snap) | – | Jan 24–Feb 7 (sow outdoors) | Oct 4–18 (sowing) |
| Bean, pole | – | Jan 24–Feb 7 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Lima bean | – | Jan 31–Feb 14 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Southern pea (cowpea, black-eyed pea) | – | Feb 7–28 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Cucumber | Dec 20–27 | Jan 24–Feb 7 (transplant) Jan 24–Feb 7 (sow outdoors) | Oct 4–18 (sowing) |
| Summer squash / zucchini | Dec 20–27 | Jan 24–Feb 7 (transplant) Jan 24–Feb 7 (sow outdoors) | Oct 4–18 (sowing) |
| Winter squash | Dec 20–27 | Jan 24–Feb 7 (transplant) Jan 24–Feb 7 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Pumpkin | – | Jan 24–Feb 7 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Watermelon | Dec 20–27 | Jan 31–Feb 14 (transplant) Jan 31–Feb 14 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Cantaloupe / muskmelon | Dec 20–27 | Jan 31–Feb 14 (transplant) Jan 31–Feb 14 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Okra | Dec 6–20 | Jan 31–Feb 14 (transplant) Jan 31–Feb 14 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Celery | Oct 25–Nov 8 | Jan 24–31 (transplant) | – |
| Basil | Dec 6–20 | Jan 24–Feb 7 (transplant) Jan 24–Feb 7 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Cilantro | – | Jan 3–31 (sow outdoors) | Nov 1–15 (sowing) |
| Parsley | Nov 8–22 | Jan 3–17 (transplant) Dec 27–Jan 17 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Dill | – | Jan 17–31 (sow outdoors) | Nov 1–15 (sowing) |
| Sunflower | – | Jan 17–31 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Asparagus (crowns) | – | Dec 20–Jan 3 (transplant) | – |
| Rhubarb (crowns) | – | Dec 20–Jan 3 (transplant) | – |
| Strawberry (plants) | – | Dec 20–Jan 3 (transplant) | Oct 18–Nov 15 (transplant) |
Typical ranges from university extension planting calendars, adjusted to your frost dates. Probabilities, not guarantees. Fall windows that would overlap spring planting are left out, as are fall crops of frost-tender plants where the frost-free season is under 210 days.
Where these numbers come from
Station: Vallejo, CA (NOAA GHCN-Daily ID USC00049219), elevation 341 ft, 1.9 miles from the ZIP's center point. NOAA completeness flag: E (estimated from nearby stations).
Nearby stations
| Station | Distance | Last frost (50%) | First frost (50%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Napa Co AP, CA | 7 mi | Mar 5 | Nov 21 |
| Martinez WTP, CA | 9 mi | Feb 28 | Nov 22 |
| Napa State Hospital, CA | 11 mi | Feb 12 | Dec 4 |
The average last-frost dates of these stations span 50 days, a rough guide to local variation. See data sources & methods.
Frost questions for 94591
When is the last frost in 94591?
The average (50% chance) last spring freeze of 32°F for ZIP 94591 is January 17. For a more cautious planting date, use March 4, when only 1 year in 10 still sees a later freeze.
When is the first frost in 94591?
The average first fall freeze is December 27. In 1 year in 10 it comes by December 4.
What hardiness zone is 94591?
ZIP 94591 is in USDA zone 9b (25 to 30°F average coldest winter night), per the 2023 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map ZIP listing.
What is the soil temperature in 94591 right now?
This page shows the latest 2-inch and 4-inch soil temperature from the nearest public soil station (USDA SCAN, NOAA USCRN or TexMesonet), or a labeled estimate when no station is close, against the 50–55°F spring pre-emergent band.
Nearby ZIP codes
94589 Vallejo 94590 Vallejo 94510 Benicia 94503 American Canyon 94592 Vallejo 94525 Crockett 94569 Port Costa 94572 Rodeo
Other ZIP codes in Solano County
94510 94512 94533 94534 94535 94571 94585 94589 94590 94592 95620 95625 95687 95688 All Solano County frost dates · California frost dates
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Free. One weekly email plus alerts when your ZIP has a frost or a soil-temperature change worth acting on. After you submit, Kit (our email provider) sends a confirmation email: check your email and click the link to confirm. You aren't subscribed until you do. We collect only your email address and ZIP, sent to Kit to deliver The Dial. Unsubscribe anytime.